Which planning movement focused on reviving civic centers to attract the wealthy, eradicate social ills, and establish parity for U.S. cities with their European counterparts?

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The movement being described centers on creating grand, unified civic centers to elevate cities through beauty and order. Proponents believed that by designing impressive public spaces, monumental buildings, and expansive boulevards, urban cores would attract wealthy residents and investors, reduce social problems by showing a refined way of life, and demonstrate that American cities could stand on equal footing with European capitals. This approach drew heavily on Beaux-Arts aesthetics and the idea that beauty in the urban environment could morally elevate society, inspire civic virtue, and project national pride. While it sought to reform cities through grandeur, it often did so by prioritizing monumental form in downtown areas, sometimes at the expense of working-class needs. This focus on revitalizing civic centers as a means to uplift status and reform is what distinguishes it from other planning movements like the Garden City, New Urbanism, or more modern redevelopment terms.