Which group did not precede the City Humane Movement?

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Multiple Choice

Which group did not precede the City Humane Movement?

The City Humane Movement grew out of earlier reform currents aimed at making urban life healthier, better governed, and more morally uplifting. Public Health provided the sanitation and housing reforms that created safer, healthier neighborhoods. City Efficient pushed for professional, well-managed city government to deliver services reliably and fairly. City Beautiful emphasized aesthetics and civic virtue through design, showing that well-ordered, beautiful streets and public spaces could foster humane living. City Functional, however, centers on the practical functioning of urban systems in a more utilitarian sense and did not feed into the humane-city reform lineage in the same way. It represents a later or distinct planning perspective rather than a direct precursor to the City Humane Movement.

The City Humane Movement grew out of earlier reform currents aimed at making urban life healthier, better governed, and more morally uplifting. Public Health provided the sanitation and housing reforms that created safer, healthier neighborhoods. City Efficient pushed for professional, well-managed city government to deliver services reliably and fairly. City Beautiful emphasized aesthetics and civic virtue through design, showing that well-ordered, beautiful streets and public spaces could foster humane living. City Functional, however, centers on the practical functioning of urban systems in a more utilitarian sense and did not feed into the humane-city reform lineage in the same way. It represents a later or distinct planning perspective rather than a direct precursor to the City Humane Movement.

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